Case | Reference | Patient Age (y) | Patient Sex | Clinical characteristics | GI pathology findings | Additional investigations | Treatment | Cause of death |
1 | 11 | 71 | M | - Male renal transplant recipient with coronary artery disease and hypertension. - Deteriorated condition following COVID-19 diagnosis. | Dominant mononuclear cell infiltrates within the intima along the lumen of many vessels in the small intestine. | NOS | MV | Patient died on HD8 from multisystem organ failure. |
2 | 11 | 58 | F | - Hypertension, diabetes and obesity. - Respiratory failure, followed by multiorgan failure. - HD16: mesenteric ischemia, removal of necrotic small intestine. | Endothelitis of the small intestine submucosal vessels. | NOS | NA | - ST—segment elevation myocardial infarction, right heart failure and circulatory failure, cardiac arrest. |
3 | 14 | 63 | M | - No clear exposure history with COVID-19. - Presence of comorbidities in cases 3 and 4 with respectively diabetes and both lung bronchiectasis; a history of oral cancer and hyperglycemia. - COVID-19 diagnosis through throat swab tests and chest CT. - D5 of illness: cough, runny nose, low-grade fever, fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, discomfort. - D10: severe pneumonia. - Total course of illness from onset to death: 17 - 19 days. | - Partial epithelial degeneration. - Necrosis and shedding of gastric and intestinal mucosa. - Expansion and hyperemia of small blood vessels in the lamina propria and submucosa; lymphocytes, monocytes and plasma cells infiltration. | Gastric and intestinal tissues tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. | Recombinant human interferon α1b, Kelizhi, thymopentin, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, human immunoglobulin. | NOS |
4 | 14 | 69 | M | |||||
5 | 14 | 79 | F | |||||
6 | 15 | 52 | M | Obese patient tested positive for COVID-19. | Ischemic enterocolitis. | NOS | CPR | Sudden cardiac death. |
7 | 15 | 71 | M | Hypertension with nicotine abuses and granulomatous pneumopathy. | Ischemic enterocolitis. | NOS | CA, MV | Respiratory failure pneumonia. |
8 | 15 | 63 | M | Patient with T2DM, obesity and bronchial asthma. | Ischemic colitis. | NOS | CA, MV, lysis of right ventricular thrombus, CPR. | Cardiorespiratory failure, PE. |
9 | 15 | 87 | F | Patient with non-small cell lung cancer, COPD, CHD and CKD. | Pseudomembranous colitis. | NOS | BSC | Respiratory failure, viral pneumonia. |