Increase of

$a$

$d$

$N$

The case of the synchronized region unbounded

${\lambda }_2=d+2a{\sin }^2\frac{\pi }{N}-\sqrt{d^2-a^2{\sin }^2\frac{2\pi }{N}}$

↑

↓

↓

The case of the synchronized region bounded

$R=\frac{{\lambda }_{\max }}{{\lambda }_2}\approx \frac{2\left(a+d\right)}{d+2a{\sin }^2\frac{\pi }{N}-\sqrt{d^2-a^2{\sin }^2\frac{\text{2}\pi }{N}}}$

↑

↓

↓