| Stage | Noun phrase structures | Example from this study |
| 2 | Attributive adjectives | wearable sensors; unique physiological characteristics |
| 3 | Participial premodifiers | matching accuracy; implemented system |
| That relative clauses, especially with animate head nouns | a recognition system that can work under different usage scenarios | |
| Nouns as premodifiers | system robustness | |
| Possessive nouns | network’s capabilities | |
| Of phrases | the robustness of MagView | |
| Prepositions other than of | broad applications in the Internet | |
| 4 | Nonfinite relative clauses(-ed) | groups of items carried by a customer |
| Nonfinite relative clauses(-ing) | an SLAM service running on mobile devices | |
| Multiple modifiers of Attributive adjectives and nouns | an efficient computation offloading strategy | |
| 5 | Preposition + nonfinite complement clause | an AM station for broadcasting short messages |
| Complement clauses controlled by nouns | the fact that the covert channel can be created on any computer | |
| Multiple prepositional phrases, with levels of embedding | the confusion between the two concepts of scientific knowledge map in the field of library and information and Google Knowledge Graph | |
| To-clauses | the right to reliable meteorological data |