Village authorities

Low productivity due to frequent fires; poor accessibility to the market; turning to emigration; moving out of the Paduran area for work.

Expectation of oil palm plantations as new livelihood; stop depopulation and restart group activities (forest firefighting team).

Forest fire fighting team

Lack of technical assistance and financial assistance to pay as remuneration.

Giving incentive for establishing and operating fire fighting team.

Member of farmer’s group

Poor agricultural infrastructure (irrigation facilities, etc.) and road infrastructure for shipping crops.

Technical and financial support for developing new agricultural (especially oil palm plantation) and road infrastructure.

Large landowners

Agricultural productivity is low and abandoned arable lands are increasing.

Introducing steady and new agricultural production (e.g. oil palm plantation).

Workers outside of village and oil palm plantation

Lack of jobs in the village.

Introducing steady agricultural production or fire fighting team.

Mother having small children

Lack of jobs in the village; declining the quality of the educational infrastructure.

Introducing steady and new agricultural production (e.g. oil palm plantation); facilitating participation in group activities.