Demographic and medical characteristics

Low (<85)

(n = 38)

High (85 or more)

(n = 9)

P-value*

Maternal age (years) mean (SD)

32.9 (4.5)

27.6 (3.7)

0.002*

Parity

Primiparae n (%)

Multiparae n (%)

18 (47.4)

20 (52.6)

8 (88.9)

1 (11.1)

0.024*

Smoking in pregnancy n (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (11.1)

Antenatal education n (%)

20 (52.6)

7 (77.8)

0.170

Mode of delivery

Spontaneous vaginal n (%)

Instrumental vaginal n (%)

36 (94.7)

2 (5.3)

9 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

Induction of labor n (%)

17 (44.7)

7 (77.8)

0.075

Episiotomy n (%)

29 (76.3)

8 (88.9)

0.407