PSQI

ESS

Low (less than 6)

High (6 or more)

χ²

p

φ

Low (less than 11)

High (11 or more)

χ²

p

φ

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

LT (Living Together)

Live alone

15

(21.1)

21

(29.6)

0.80

0.37

n.s.

0.11

23

(32.4)

13

(18.3)

1.50

0.22

n.s.

−0.15

Live with parents

11

(15.5)

24

(33.8)

27

(38.0)

8

(11.3)

Breakfast

Take every day

21

(29.6)

39

(54.9)

0.44

0.37^a)

n.s.

−0.08

44

(62.0)

16

(22.5)

1.58

0.18^a)

n.s.

0.15

Do not take every day

5

(7.0)

6

(8.5)

6

(8.5)

5

(7.0)

Naps

Do

6

(8.5)

9

(12.7)

0.09

0.76

n.s.

0.04

9

(12.7)

6

(8.5)

0.99

0.32

n.s.

−0.12

Do not

20

(28.2)

36

(50.7)

41

(57.7)

15

(21.1)

Part-time jobs

Do

18

(25.4)

35

(49.3)

0.64

0.43

n.s.

−0.10

35

(49.3)

18

(25.4)

1.93

0.14^a)

n.s.

−0.17

Do not

8

(11.3)

10

(14.1)

15

(21.1)

3

(4.2)

Regularly exercise

Do

16

(22.5)

28

(39.4)

0.00

0.95

n.s.

−0.01

31

(43.7)

13

(18.3)

0.00

0.99

n.s.

0.00

Do not

10

(14.1)

17

(23.9)

19

(26.8)

8

(11.3)

Way of bath

Shower

15

(21.1)

24

(33.8)

0.13

0.72

n.s.

0.04

26

(36.6)

13

(18.3)

0.59

0.44

n.s.

−0.09

Bathtub

11

(15.5)

21

(29.6)

24

(33.8)

8

(11.3)

Listen to music and to watch TV

Do

13

(18.3)

22

(31.0)

0.01

0.93

n.s.

0.01

26

(36.6)

9

(12.7)

0.50

0.48

n.s.

0.08

Do not

13

(18.3)

23

(32.4)

24

(33.8)

12

(16.9)

Use of smart phone before bedtime

Do

20

(28.2)

41

(57.7)

2.74

0.10^a)

n.s.

−0.20

41

(57.7)

20

(28.2)

2.14

0.14^a)

n.s.

−0.17

Do not

6

(8.5)

4

(5.6)

9

(12.7)

1

(1.4)

Awakening by smart phone during bedtime

Every day

2

(2.8)

9

(12.7)

1.91

0.15^a)

n.s.

−0.16

7

(9.9)

4

(5.6)

0.29

0.42^a)

n.s.

−0.06

Not every day

24

(33.8)

36

(50.7)

43

(60.6)

17

(23.9)

Changes of body weight within the past year

Existence

16

(22.5)

23

(32.4)

0.72

0.40

n.s.

0.10

27

(38.0)

12

(16.9)

0.06

0.81

n.s.

−0.03

None existence

10

(14.1)

22

(31.0)

23

(32.4)

9

(12.7)

Drinking

Do

18

(25.4)

33

(46.5)

0.14

0.71

n.s.

−0.04

33

(46.5)

18

(25.4)

2.84

0.08^a)

n.s.

−0.20

Do not

8

(11.3)

12

(16.9)

17

(23.9)

3

(4.2)

Existence of diabetes within their family members

Existence

12

(16.9)

10

(14.1)

4.41

0.04

*

0.25

18

(25.4)

4

(5.6)

1.99

0.13^a)

n.s.

0.17

None existence

14

(19.7)

35

(49.3)

32

(45.1)

17

(23.9)

Existence of hypertension within their family members

Existence

20

(28.2)

26

(36.6)

2.65

0.10

n.s.

0.19

33

(46.5)

13

(18.3)

0.11

0.74

n.s.

0.04

None existence

6

(8.5)

19

(26.8)

17

(23.9)

8

(11.3)