Reference

Sample size

Mean age

(years)

Duration

(weeks)

Weekly frequency

Cognitive domains with significant improvement after remediation domains

(effect size)

Assessed cognitive domains

Experimental

Control

Cavallaro et al.

(2009) [17]

31

27

25.9

100

1

verbal memory (effect size not available), executive function (effect size not available), social cognition (effect size not available)

speed of processing, attention, verbal and working memory, executive function, social cognition

Eack et al. (2009) [18]

29

26

44.1

10

5

verbal learning (0.86), verbal memory (0.89), verbal working memory (0.58), problem solving (0.55)

speed of processing, verbal working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory, problem solving, nonverbal working memory, visual learning, visual memory, social cognition

Fisher et al. (2009) [19]

50

36

33.7

12

3

executive function (0.56) and attention performances (0.53)

verbal memory, working memory, letter fluency, semantic fluency, planning, attention, executive function

Dickinson et al. (2010) [20]

34

27

47.7

15

3

no significant improvement

attention, working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, executive function

Fisher et al. (2010) [21]

22

10

36.4

50

1

verbal learning/memory (effect size not available)

attention, working memory, speed of processing, verbal learning/memory, problem solving

Hodge et al. (2010) [2]

36

33

31.3

15

2

verbal memory (0.18), visual memory (0.26), attention (0.65), executive function (0.28)

processing speed, executive function, attention, verbal learning, verbal and visual memory,

Vita et al. (2011) [22]

30

28

39.9

24

2

speed of processing (effect size not available)

speed of processing, working memory, verbal memory, executive function, composite score

Gharaeipour et al. (2012) [23]

21

21

22.24

8

5

verbal working memory (effect size not available),visual learning and memory (effect size not available), attention(effect size not available), processing speed(effect size not available), executive function(effect size not available)

verbal learning, verbal memory, executive function, verbal working memory, visual learning and memory, attention, processing speed

Ikezawa et al. (2012) [24]

26

25

38.5

24

2

verbal memory (effect size not available), working memory (effect size not available), verbal fluency (effect size not available), attention (effect size not available), executive function (effect size not available)

verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, attention/processing speed, executive function

Rass et al. (2012) [25]

17

27

42.2

10

2

no significant improvement

verbal memory, visual working memory, non-verbal memory, processing speed, working memory, attention, letter and category fluency

D’Souza et al. (2013) [26]

27

26

39.9

12

2

verbal working memory (effect size not available)

speed of processing, verbal working memory, visual working memory, memory, executive function