Reference | Sample size | Mean age (years) | Duration (weeks) | Weekly frequency | Cognitive domains with significant improvement after remediation domains (effect size) | Assessed cognitive domains | |
Experimental | Control | ||||||
Cavallaro et al. (2009) [17] | 31 | 27 | 25.9 | 100 | 1 | verbal memory (effect size not available), executive function (effect size not available), social cognition (effect size not available) | speed of processing, attention, verbal and working memory, executive function, social cognition |
Eack et al. (2009) [18] | 29 | 26 | 44.1 | 10 | 5 | verbal learning (0.86), verbal memory (0.89), verbal working memory (0.58), problem solving (0.55) | speed of processing, verbal working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory, problem solving, nonverbal working memory, visual learning, visual memory, social cognition |
Fisher et al. (2009) [19] | 50 | 36 | 33.7 | 12 | 3 | executive function (0.56) and attention performances (0.53) | verbal memory, working memory, letter fluency, semantic fluency, planning, attention, executive function |
Dickinson et al. (2010) [20] | 34 | 27 | 47.7 | 15 | 3 | no significant improvement | attention, working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, executive function |
Fisher et al. (2010) [21] | 22 | 10 | 36.4 | 50 | 1 | verbal learning/memory (effect size not available) | attention, working memory, speed of processing, verbal learning/memory, problem solving |
Hodge et al. (2010) [2] | 36 | 33 | 31.3 | 15 | 2 | verbal memory (0.18), visual memory (0.26), attention (0.65), executive function (0.28) | processing speed, executive function, attention, verbal learning, verbal and visual memory, |
Vita et al. (2011) [22] | 30 | 28 | 39.9 | 24 | 2 | speed of processing (effect size not available) | speed of processing, working memory, verbal memory, executive function, composite score |
Gharaeipour et al. (2012) [23] | 21 | 21 | 22.24 | 8 | 5 | verbal working memory (effect size not available),visual learning and memory (effect size not available), attention(effect size not available), processing speed(effect size not available), executive function(effect size not available) | verbal learning, verbal memory, executive function, verbal working memory, visual learning and memory, attention, processing speed |
Ikezawa et al. (2012) [24] | 26 | 25 | 38.5 | 24 | 2 | verbal memory (effect size not available), working memory (effect size not available), verbal fluency (effect size not available), attention (effect size not available), executive function (effect size not available) | verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, attention/processing speed, executive function |
Rass et al. (2012) [25] | 17 | 27 | 42.2 | 10 | 2 | no significant improvement | verbal memory, visual working memory, non-verbal memory, processing speed, working memory, attention, letter and category fluency |
D’Souza et al. (2013) [26] | 27 | 26 | 39.9 | 12 | 2 | verbal working memory (effect size not available) | speed of processing, verbal working memory, visual working memory, memory, executive function |