Variable

Overall

Males

Females

p

Age (years)

45.65 ± 13.98

45.69 ± 14.48

45.60 ± 13.56

0.9579

BMI (kg/m²)

37.80 ± 7.22

35.56 ± 5.37

39.89 ± 8.07

<0.0001

NC (cm)

41.81 ± 4.22

44.51 ± 3.10

39.26 ± 3.50

<0.0001

ESS score (points)

10.44 ± 4.90

10.13 ± 4.64

10.74 ± 5.15

0.3799

Alcohol intake (%)

23.85

33.88

11.34

0.0001

Smoking (%)

9.13

9.84

8.25

0.6852