Component properties of UI high in quality

Vertical viewing quality

Height Difference

Variety in height is another factor of UI. Changes in height provide variety and scale. Varying building height and setback and establishing lower scales adjacent to pedestrian areas reduces bulky appearances [7] [70] .

Transparency Level

Buildings must have components like windows and balconies that help form social relationships and activate the interface [58] [70] [76] . It is openings that give the identity of building façades by connecting exterior and interior with symbolic and functional way [41] [45] -[47] [59] .

Repetition

For a well-designed UI, the balance of repetitions and variety must be set. Instead of monotonous façades of buildings that repeat one after another, variety that provides a richness of experience with components like rhythm, difference and surprise elements is preferred [77] . Variety is achieved not only from chaos and complexity by providing a rhythmically meaningful unity in which differences, complexity and repetition are perceived as an independent pattern from each other but also from monotony in which there exists no difference and the existing pattern is repeated excessively [45] [58] [60] [69] [70] [78] .

Ground Level Usage

While forming UI, there must be arrangements that seem interesting to pedestrians like opening of ground floors to the space in front of them or shop windows on the ground floor that are lit at night [45] [52] [68] [79] . The use of brand store showcases, certain materials, colors, ornamentation result in people passing and prevents crime [80] (Figure 8).

Vertical sensing quality

Façades Identity

In a well-designed UI, façade analyses that contain plastic harmony determined by horizontal/vertical traces of buildings, solid-void balance, materials used on the façade, decorations, properties of color and architectural details must be carried out [48] [52] [70] .

Static-Dynamic Space

Static space is just like a room in interior space [48] . Courtyards, gardens, squares are stable space that symbolize calmness and relaxation [67] . On the other hand, dynamic space is linear and involves traffic through it. The way of motion is not only physical but also visual. Circulation, liveliness and vitality are the properties of dynamic space. Dynamic space is less claustrophobic than static ones (Figure 9).

Achieving Scale

For a well-designed UI, architectural details that will reduce the scale to pedestrian scale in a vertical component like partitions, indents, projections of units of structures, rises and decreases in the surfaces of the walls, changes in height, and the use of eaves, columns and arcades are required [58] . Different façade surfaces extending-removing, pushing-pulling, protruding-intruding from the outside of a building combines into visual richness. The ratio of solid-void balance on the façade as a boundary of UI affects scale [52] .

Hard-Soft Space

When private and public is separated from each other with a plane, it is called hard UI. “Hard space” in generally formed by buildings [45] [47] [61] [74] . Although hard space has a primary function [47] , soft space plays secondary role in UI [48] . Hard space consists of arranging a row in space. Both natural elements and buildings form soft space. Soft space is a place where climatic effects can be felt, where nature is dominant, and where people relax [47] [74] .