Component properties of UI high in quality

Horizontal viewing quality

Urban Services

The arrangement of pedestrian motor vehicle is very important indicator of UI [51] [60] . Adequate car park parking, playgrounds for children of all ages and properly designed furniture must exist [54] [60] [61] .

Visual Quality

In a well-qualified UI, a visual richness must be supplied by natural elements like landscape elements, floor paving, and lighting elements. Trees especially clean the air and give meaning, scale and aesthetics to the environment [53] [62] which should also be maintained with landscape designs that are realistic [63] .

Slope

A well-qualified UI must contain three-dimensional designs that take site properties seriously, that have been produced as a result of an analysis of topographic data, that regulate differences in altitude and that are in harmony with the rate and direction of inclination [61] .

Climatic Effect

In a well-designed urban interface, microclimatic analyses like climate-dependent orientation, shades that are formed by supporting walls of structures or trees, sunlight, wind corridor and the function and landscape design of spaces in the immediate environment of the buildings must be determined [61] [63] .

Horizontal sensing quality

Hierarchy

In an UI, series of spaces that are perceived in motion passing from one to another must be displayed in a continuous and hierarchical order [57] . In hierarchical orders, spaces must be positioned so that they face the gaps that are larger than themselves [58] . Hierarchy must be in ordered to provide transitions from public to private, from open to closed and from external to internal [41] [64] . Sharp changes from public to private must be avoided [41] [51] [57] [58] [65] -[69] .

Continuity

UI changes depending on whether the perceiver is at vehicle speed or at pedestrian speed. A well-designed UI must take the pedestrian as a measure and involve solutions that fit the speed of the pedestrian [58] [60] [70] [71] . In order to define clear paths, continuity should be provided [57] [61] [72] -[74] .

Enclosure

An UI must create a sense of closure that enables people to establish control over spaces and is guarantee of security, confidentiality and belonging. While weak closure is the disappearance of images and the loss of direction, strong closure defines areas of territoriality and thus vandalism decreases [7] [54] [64] [67] [71] . Closure is provided by building walls, huge trees or bridges [67] (Figure 6).

Distance/Height Ratio

In UI, the ratio of the height of a building (H) to the distance between buildings (D) must be 1 or close to 1 [48] [52] - [54] [58] [75] . If this ratio is below 1, it causes a sense of imprisonment and claustrophobia; if it is above 1, it does away with spatial effect and causes lost space [5] [58] . The spatial properties of D/H and the effects of D/H on human perception has been studied extensively [52] [54] (Figure 7).