Group X Time

Time

Group

Total

(N = 470)

Comparison Group

(N = 328)

Experimental Group

(N = 142)

F

(1468)

(h2)

F

(1468)

(h2)

F

(1468)

(h2)

After

M

(SD)

Before

M

(SD)

After

M

(SD)

Before

M

(SD)

After

M

(SD)

Before

M

(SD)

0.94

(0.002)

5.33

(0.011)

0.26

(0.001)

1.55

(0.57)

1.49

(0.44)

1.54

(0.51)

1.50

(0.44)

1.59

(0.69)

1.48

(0.46)

Sense of indirect bullying

10.50**

(0.022)

5.01*

(0.011)

3.68

(0.008)

1.33

(0.60)

1.30

(0.46)

1.27

(0.51)

1.30

(0.48)

1.46

(0.76)

1.28

(0.40)

Injury victim

14.74***

(0.031)

2.83

(0.006)

5.48*

(0.012)

1.24

(0.51)

1.24

(0.41)

1.18

(0.37)

1.25

(0.44)

1.38

(0.72)

1.22

(0.34)

victim-General violence

17.99***

(0.037)

6.61*

(0.014)

2.56

(0.006)

1.55

(0.81)

1.51

(0.74)

1.46

(0.70)

1.54

(0.77)

1.76

(0.99)

1.44

(0.67)

Victim-Verbal violence

7.02**

(0.015)

1.16

(0.002)

3.60

(0.008)

1.22

(0.59)

1.22

(0.52)

1.17

(0.46)

1.22

(0.55)

1.34

(0.81)

1.22

(0.45)

Victim-Physical violence

7.38**

(0.016)

2.18

(0.005)

4.04*

(0.009)

1.29

(0.67)

1.28

(0.61)

1.23

(0.56)

1.28

(0.64)

1.44

(0.87)

1.27

(0.53)

Attacker