kQ,Qo parameter

Value for protons

Values for carbon ions

(sw,air) Qo

1.133

1.133

(sw,air) Q

Function of E

Function of E

(Wair/e) Qo

33.97 eV

33.97 eV

(Wair/e) Q

34.50 eV

34.23 eV

pQo

1.009

1.009

pQ

1.0

1.0