Virus | Disease | Role of pyroptosis in virus-induced disease | References |
SARS-CoV-2 | COVID-19, Pneumonia, Severe acute Respiratory syndrome, Kidney failure. | Hematopoietic stem cell pyroptosis. Levels of IL-1β and LDH were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. | [38] - [49] |
Hepatitis virus | Viral hepatitis, Liver fibrosis, Cirrhosis of the liver, Hepatic carcinoma. | HBeAg inhibits pyroptosis. HCV causes pyroptosis. Inhibition of NLRP3 relieves acute liver failure induced by viral hepatitis and inhibit pyroptosis. | [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] |
Influenza virus | Influenza | H5N1 acts on galectin-3 and activates NLRP3, promoting pyroptosis in the lungs and triggering inflammation. | [50] [51] [52] |
HIV | AIDS | HIV destroys immune system by causing pyroptosis of CD4+ T cells. | [53] [54] [55] [56] |
DENV | Dengue haemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome. | Dengue virus causes pyroptosis of monocytes and macrophage. | [62] [63] |
Enterovirus | HFMD, Myocarditis, Pancreatitis, Meningitis | EV71 and CVB3 induce pyroptosis via caspase 1-GSDMD pathway. | [64] [65] |
Other viruses | Hydrophobia, Enterogastritis | Rabies virus activates pyroptosis via caspase 1-GSDMD pathway. | [66] [67] |