| Control group (N = 109) | CBL group (N = 109) | χ2 | P |
Interest in learning | 41% | 92% | 60.056 | <0.001 |
Self-study ability | 72% | 75% | 0.211 | 0.646 |
Logical thinking ability | 30% | 74% | 40.618 | <0.001 |
Innovative ability | 45% | 59% | 3.601 | 0.058 |
Understanding of knowledge | 34% | 100% | 104.541 | <0.001 |
Building knowledge system | 32% | 100% | 109.02 | <0.001 |
Solve problems ability | 58% | 92% | 31.515 | <0.001 |
Improving literature retrieval ability | 85% | 93% | 2.892 | 0.089 |
Communicating and expressing ability | 62% | 85% | 14.682 | <0.001 |
Improving teamwork ability | 65% | 76% | 2.676 | 0.102 |