Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
Childhood social class (father’s occupational class) reference group: small employers/self-employed | ||||||||
I (employers/professional/managers) | −0.202 | 0.034 | ||||||
II (routine non-manual) | 0.559 | −1.981* | ||||||
III (skilled manual) | −0.831 | −0.697 | ||||||
IV (semi-/unskilled manual) | −0.871 | −0.029 | ||||||
V (farmers) | 0.494 | −0.271 | ||||||
Beginning adulthood social class (educational attainment) | ||||||||
Reference group: no formal education | ||||||||
Elementary | −0.07 | −0.028 | ||||||
Secondary | −0.121 | −0.094 | ||||||
College/university | −0.151* | −0.110* | ||||||
Young adulthood social class (occupational class at labor market entry) reference groups: small employers/self-employed | ||||||||
I (employers/professional/managers) | −0.864* | −1.226* | ||||||
II (routine non-manual) | −0.477 | −1.128* | ||||||
III (skilled manual) | −0.784 | −0.135 | ||||||
IV (semi-/unskilled manual) | −1.004 | −0.036 | ||||||
V (farmers) | 1.243* | −0.061 | ||||||
Mid-life social class (current occupational class) reference group: small employers/self-employed | ||||||||
I (employers/professional/managers) | −1.133* | −0.242 | ||||||
II (routine non-manual) | −0.555 | −0.699 | ||||||
III (skilled manual) | −1.143 | −1.304 | ||||||
IV (semi-/unskilled manual) | −0.903 | −0.369 | ||||||
V (farmers) | −0.287 | −0.605 |