SPI

SPEI

DRI

Our study 2014-2023, Iraq

0.5 to 1.5 in the rainy years, −0.5 to −1 as moderately dry

−1.5 to −2.5 which means severely dry

0 to −1 was dry and moderately dry

M. Afzal1 and R. Ragab, Yorkshire, UK, [10]

1996 when SPI indices were well

Below −2, “extreme drought” level.

1996 when SPEI indices were well

Below −2, “extreme drought” level.

less than −1

McKee

et al., 1993, Colorado, USA [8]

above 2.0 extremely wet, 1.5 - 1.99

very wet, 1.0 - 1.49 moderately wet, −0.99 to 0.99 near

normal, −1.0 to −1.49 moderately dry, −1.5 to −1.99

severely dry and −2.0 and less, extremely dry