Variable

Test

Statistic

Prob.**

Cross-sections

Obs.

DIFlndefGDP

Ho: Unit root (Common Unit Root)

Levin, Lin & Chu t*

−13.3912

0.0000

30

2670

Breitung t-stat

2.17924

0.9853

30

2640

Ho: Unit Root (Individual Unit Root)

Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat

−7.99003

0.0000

30

2670

ADF-Fisher Chi-square

209.274

0.0000

30

2670

PP-Fisher Chi-square

240.585

0.0000

30

2730