DSM-IV | Definition | HDS scales | Definition |
Borderline | Inappropriate anger; unstable and intense relationships. | Excitable | Moody and inconsistent concerns being enthusiastic about persons ideas, and projects and then becoming disappointed in them. |
Paranoid | Distrustful and suspicious of others; motives of others are interpreted negatively. | Skeptical | Cynical, distrustful, overly sensitive to criticism, and skeptical of others’ true intensions. |
Avoidant | Social inhibition; feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to criticism or rejection. | Cautious | Reluctant to take risks for fear of being rejected or negatively evaluated. |
Schizoid | Emotional coldness and detachment from socialrelationships; indifferent to praise and criticism. | Reserved | Aloof, detached and uncommunicative; lacking interest in or awareness of the feelings of others. |
Passive-Aggressive | Passive resistance to adequate social and occupational performance; irritated when asked to do something he/she does not want to. | Leisurely | Independent; ignoring people’s requests and becoming irritated or argumentative if they persist. |
Narcissistic | Arrogant and haughty behaviours or attitudes, grandiose sense of self-importance and entitlement. | Bold | Unusually self-confident; feelings of grandiosity and entitlement; over valuation of one’s capabilities. |
Antisocial | Disregard for the truth; impulsivity and failure to plan ahead; failure to conform | Mischievous | Enjoying risk taking and testing the limits; needing excitement; manipulative, deceitful, cunning and exploitative. |
Histrionic | Excessive emotionality and attention seeking; self dramatising, theatrical and exaggerated emotional expression. | Colourful | Expressive, animated and dramatic; wanting to be noticed and needing to be the centre of attention. |
Schizotypal | Odd beliefs or magical thinking; behaviour or speech that is odd, eccentric or peculiar. | Imaginative | Acting and thinking in creative and sometimes odd or unusual ways. |