Non-Manager

Middle Manager

Leader

NEO-PIR

N = 644

N = 1316

N = 1983

X

SD

X

SD

X

SD

F

N1

Anxiety

13.55a

5.31

12.68a

5.03

11.54a

4.96

34.27***

N2

Anger/Hostility

10.43a

4.65

10.46ab

4.57

9.97b

4.51

3.23*

N3

Depression

10.67a

5.09

10.01b

4.69

8.97c

4.39

32.75***

N4

Self-Consciousness

12.67a

4.39

12.10b

4.30

11.37c

4.04

22.54***

N5

Impulsivity

14.77

4.56

14.87

4.37

14.59

4.29

.51

N6

Vulnerability

7.63a

3.81

6.89b

3.31

6.10c

3.26

42.57***

E1

Warmth

23.50

3.81

23.40

3.95

23.51

3.91

4.16*

E2

Gregariousness

19.29a

4.61

19.69ab

4.63

20.19b

4.60

15.56***

E3

Assertiveness

18.54a

4.85

20.32b

4.64

21.69c

3.97

131.55***

E4

Activity

20.20a

4.34

21.25b

4.15

22.38c

3.95

93.95***

E5

Excitement Seeking

18.27

4.56

18.72

4.59

18.67

4.30

1.76

E6

Positive Emotions

22.29

4.39

22.08

4.68

22.45

4.41

6.71***

O1

Fantasy

16.68

4.75

16.71

4.81

16.74

4.73

1.31

O2

Aesthetics

17.62

5.77

17.42

5.91

17.43

5.99

1.08

O3

Feelings

21.69

4.19

21.48

4.15

22.74

4.18

7.61**

O4

Actions

19.92

4.16

19.91

4.23

20.04

4.12

4.03**

O5

Ideas

20.59

5.29

20.28

5.15

20.14

5.26

1.64

O6

Values

23.59

3.62

23.53

3.53

23.86

3.25

6.03**

A1

Trust

20.81a

4.21

21.39b

4.12

22.27c

3.91

43.42***

A2

Straightforwardness

19.05a

4.41

18.19ab

4.48

17.95b

4.36

12.38***

A3

Altruism

24.07a

3.43

23.50b

3.46

23.20b

3.51

8.42***

A4

Compliance

18.63a

4.06

18.00a

4.07

17.68b

3.91

12.93***

A5

Modesty

17.96a

4.57

16.99b

4.65

16.73b

4.51

13.38***

A6

Tender-mindedness

20.12a

3.55

19.41b

3.41

18.94c

3.40

24.89***

C1

Competence

23.44a

3.37

23.81a

3.15a

24.38b

3.16

22.06***

C2

Order

19.08

4.41

18.75

4.47

18.93

4.56

1.34

C3

Dutifulness

24.38a

3.60

24.33a

3.56

25.13b

3.47

21.53***

C4

Achievement Striving

21.79a

4.01

22.60b

4.04

23.79c

3.82

78.00***

C5

Self-Discipline

23.38a

4.28

25.53b

3.99

24.10c

3.95

11.70***

C6

Deliberation

18.90

4.56

18.42

4.36

18.47

4.42

1.24