Dimension of transformational leadership | Mean | Std. Deviation | Indep. samples t-test | |||||
Principals (N = 157) | Teachers (N = 312) | Principals (N = 157) | Teachers (N = 312) | Df | t-value | p-value | ||
a. Idealized influence b. Inspirational motivation c. Intellectual stimulation d. Individualized consideration | 3.92 3.74 3.64 3.64 | 3.83 3.62 3.45 2.35 | 1.35 1.09 1.15 1.14 | 0.99 1.14 1.23 1.15 | 341.4 325.8 327.7 314.5 | 0.97 1.08 1.33 0.99 | 0.530 0.286 0.242 0.34 | |