Analytical categories

Cognitive

Performative

Normative

Meaning

Understanding, mental models of teacher and students regarding how they think about teaching and learning

Doing, what students (and teacher) do in a teaching session

Assessment, reflective evaluation, on good and bad teaching and learning

Gamification in practice

Gamification can be used in education to surprise and disrupt students, which in turn may open up their mental models about teaching and learning

Gamification can be used in education to develop new forms of practices of teaching and learning

Students that enjoy teaching session may also stay motivated and engaged throughout