N

Mean

Standard deviation

Standard error mean

Pre-test

score

t

df

Sig

Mean

difference

Standard error difference

95% confidence interval of the difference lower upper

Traditional group

45

10.4677

5.07041

0.75585

Equal variances assumed

1.931

88

0.067

1.55778

0.81701

−0.04585

3.20140

Flipped group

45

8.8889

2.08045

0.31014

Equal variances not assumed

1.931

87.273

0.067

1.55778

0.81701

−0.05739

3.21295