Group

N

Mean

Standard deviation

Standard error mean

Pre-test

score

t

df

Sig

Mean difference

Standard error difference

95% confidence interval of the difference lower upper

Traditional group

45

21.3778

10.34691

1.54243

Equal variances assumed

−0.019

88

0.985

−0.04444

2.28826

−4.59188

4.50299

Flipped group

45

21.4222

11.33877

1.69028

Equal variances not assumed

−0.019

87.273

0.985

−0.04444

2.28826

−4.59241

4.50352