Knowledge source and transfer:

Basic research which is also called pure research or fundamental research is a systematic study directed toward improved understanding or knowledge of the appropriate aspects of phenomena without specific applications or products or services in mind. Here, research for understanding and descripting.

Purpose of data collection:

Developing new knowledge as natural system by applying scientific laws; collaboration between research units and work packages in research consortiums; includes clear plans for vital knowledge creation; lays to the foundation for advancements in knowledge that lead to applied gains later on.

Unit of analysis:

Quantitative or qualitative units of analysis which rarely contributes to the R&D concerns.

Methodology:

Explanatory research; case study; multiple case study; cross-case analysis; exploratory study; and descriptive study.

Evidence:

Understanding; description; model; concept; new ideas and principles towards theories; middle-range theories; and the foundations of R&D in different fields.

Dependency:

Objective and researcher as outsider; and outsiders research substance experts.

Applied science

Knowledge source and transfer:

Applied science as research is approached as a form of systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science, here, such as services and artifacts. It accesses and uses some part of the body of knowledge in research community, e.g., referred theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques, for dedicated purposes and for applying and combining existing knowledge in new way. Here, research for development and utilizing.

Purpose of data collection:

Knowledge synthetic; knowledge for building; improving; testing; production data; improving action; and engineering based knowledge.

Unit of analysis:

Project; information system; service; experience; event; method; structure; and mechanism.

Methodology:

Inductive or deductive research; design science research in information system which focuses to the thinking, building, improving and evaluating services and artifacts; information systems research; last-mile research; and action research; emergent applications and services.

Evidence:

Sample of evidence: know-how related samples; information systems; hardware and systems engineering.

Dependency:

Research as more insider or outsiders with insiders; frequently, the roles of participators and researchers are descripted explicitly in documents of study.