Average temperature (˚C)

Seasonal mean

Standard deviation

DJF

MAM

JJAS

ON

Annual

DJF

MAM

JJAS

ON

Annual

Trans-Himalaya

−7.1

0.4

7.7

−1.3

−0.1

1.2

1.0

0.5

1.1

0.7

Middle mountains

6.5

20.1

22.2

17.8

16.7

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.9

0.6

Southern plains

13.8

32.9

32.6

29.1

27.1

1.9

1.1

0.7

1.2

0.7

Whole basin

3.7

16.8

20.0

14.5

13.8

1.4

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.5