Variables | Physical Functioning | Role Physical | Role Emotion | Energy | Emotional | Social | Pain | General Health |
Duration of diabetes | ||||||||
1 - 4 | 56.66 ± 28.61 | 52.04 ± 27.11 | 49.18 ± 22.44 | 49.26 ± 17.22 | 54.75 ± 9.39 | 65.57 ± 22.55 | 50.36 ± 25.21 | 37.29 ± 16.37 |
5 - 9 | 60.28 ± 21.34 | 52.85 ± 24.07 | 58.09 ± 27.22 | 50.14 ± 18.08 | 56.22 ± 9.69 | 60.35 ± 19.52 | 46.50 ± 18.67 | 31.28 ± 14.10 |
≥10 | 29.34 ± 23.65 | 44.56 ± 23.78 | 49.27 ± 22.17 | 39.56 ± 16.71 | 48.69 ± 9.69 | 50.54 ± 21.47 | 37.50 ± 22.93 | 27.17 ± 13.88 |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.424 | 0.186 | 0.048 | 0.011 | 0.019 | 0.078 | 0.017 |
Diet and exercise | ||||||||
Yes | 52.34 ± 27.71 | 50.47 ± 26.16 | 50.47 ± 24.07 | 48.90 ± 17.36 | 54.28 ± 9.99 | 59.76 ± 22.46 | 46.61 ± 22.86 | 32.71 ± 15.17 |
No | 53.21 ± 31.10 | 53.57 ± 21.61 | 61.90 ± 22.09 | 38.21 ± 17.93 | 52.00 ± 8.59 | 71.42 ± 15.83 | 47.67 ± 27.69 | 40.00 ± 18.50 |
p-value | 0.914 | 0.673 | 0.095 | 0.033 | 0.416 | 0.063 | 0.874 | 0.103 |
Treatment profile | ||||||||
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent (OHA) | ||||||||
Yes | 60.16 ± 27.33 | 52.61 ± 24.66 | 51.74 ± 24.81 | 50.59 ± 18.05 | 56.47 ± 9.73 | 64.55 ± 22.46 | 51.94 ± 23.50 | 36.26 ± 15.74 |
No | 42.50 ± 25.83 | 48.55 ± 26.84 | 51.92 ± 23.25 | 43.84 ± 16.61 | 50.84 ± 9.11 | 56.73 ± 20.92 | 40.04 ± 21.56 | 30.09 ± 15.06 |
p-value | 0.001 | 0.394 | 0.968 | 0.038 | 0.002 | 0.055 | 0.005 | 0.033 |
Insulin | ||||||||
Yes | 65.38 ± 23.49 | 50.96 ± 25.70 | 55.12 ± 24.59 | 49.13 ± 19.14 | 56.69 ± 10.58 | 64.42 ± 22.33 | 51.68 ± 22.07 | 37.98 ± 18.18 |
No | 42.41 ± 27.20 | 50.74 ± 25.73 | 49.25 ± 23.46 | 46.49 ± 16.53 | 51.94 ± 8.73 | 58.58 ± 21.67 | 42.91 ± 23.74 | 30.14 ± 12.55 |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.964 | 0.187 | 0.421 | 0.008 | 0.153 | 0.042 | 0.006 |
Co-morbidities | ||||||||
Yes | 46.76 ± 26.76 | 48.35 ± 25.22 | 49.45 ± 23.49 | 45.54 ± 16.92 | 52.70 ± 9.42 | 57.28 ± 21.00 | 44.72 ± 23.37 | 30.65 ± 14.32 |
No | 70.92 ± 23.94 | 58.92 ± 25.65 | 59.52 ± 24.60 | 54.46 ± 18.72 | 58.28 ± 10.12 | 73.66 ± 21.06 | 53.30 ± 22.41 | 43.03 ± 16.46 |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.056 | 0.052 | 0.019 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.089 | <0.001 |