Variables

Physical Functioning

Role Physical

Role Emotion

Energy

Emotional

Social

Pain

General Health

Duration of diabetes

1 - 4

56.66 ± 28.61

52.04 ± 27.11

49.18 ± 22.44

49.26 ± 17.22

54.75 ± 9.39

65.57 ± 22.55

50.36 ± 25.21

37.29 ± 16.37

5 - 9

60.28 ± 21.34

52.85 ± 24.07

58.09 ± 27.22

50.14 ± 18.08

56.22 ± 9.69

60.35 ± 19.52

46.50 ± 18.67

31.28 ± 14.10

≥10

29.34 ± 23.65

44.56 ± 23.78

49.27 ± 22.17

39.56 ± 16.71

48.69 ± 9.69

50.54 ± 21.47

37.50 ± 22.93

27.17 ± 13.88

p-value

<0.001

0.424

0.186

0.048

0.011

0.019

0.078

0.017

Diet and exercise

Yes

52.34 ± 27.71

50.47 ± 26.16

50.47 ± 24.07

48.90 ± 17.36

54.28 ± 9.99

59.76 ± 22.46

46.61 ± 22.86

32.71 ± 15.17

No

53.21 ± 31.10

53.57 ± 21.61

61.90 ± 22.09

38.21 ± 17.93

52.00 ± 8.59

71.42 ± 15.83

47.67 ± 27.69

40.00 ± 18.50

p-value

0.914

0.673

0.095

0.033

0.416

0.063

0.874

0.103

Treatment profile

Oral Hypoglycemic Agent (OHA)

Yes

60.16 ± 27.33

52.61 ± 24.66

51.74 ± 24.81

50.59 ± 18.05

56.47 ± 9.73

64.55 ± 22.46

51.94 ± 23.50

36.26 ± 15.74

No

42.50 ± 25.83

48.55 ± 26.84

51.92 ± 23.25

43.84 ± 16.61

50.84 ± 9.11

56.73 ± 20.92

40.04 ± 21.56

30.09 ± 15.06

p-value

0.001

0.394

0.968

0.038

0.002

0.055

0.005

0.033

Insulin

Yes

65.38 ± 23.49

50.96 ± 25.70

55.12 ± 24.59

49.13 ± 19.14

56.69 ± 10.58

64.42 ± 22.33

51.68 ± 22.07

37.98 ± 18.18

No

42.41 ± 27.20

50.74 ± 25.73

49.25 ± 23.46

46.49 ± 16.53

51.94 ± 8.73

58.58 ± 21.67

42.91 ± 23.74

30.14 ± 12.55

p-value

<0.001

0.964

0.187

0.421

0.008

0.153

0.042

0.006

Co-morbidities

Yes

46.76 ± 26.76

48.35 ± 25.22

49.45 ± 23.49

45.54 ± 16.92

52.70 ± 9.42

57.28 ± 21.00

44.72 ± 23.37

30.65 ± 14.32

No

70.92 ± 23.94

58.92 ± 25.65

59.52 ± 24.60

54.46 ± 18.72

58.28 ± 10.12

73.66 ± 21.06

53.30 ± 22.41

43.03 ± 16.46

p-value

<0.001

0.056

0.052

0.019

0.008

<0.001

0.089

<0.001