| Robinia pseudoacacia | Robinia × ambigua | Amorpha fruticosa | A. paniculata | Caragana arborescens | C. laeta |
Flowering behavior | Rare second flowering | *Flowers and fruits few times per season | *Flowers end-June | Flowers mid-July | *Mass flowering | Solitary flowers |
Inflorescence length, cm | 5.2 - 15.5 | 5 - 12 | 11 - 18 | 9 - 14 | In clusters | Solitary flowers |
Flowers number per inflorescence | 8 - 31 | 20 - 25 | ~100* | ~40 | 10* | ~0 |
Flower's size (length of standard), mm | 15.4 - 19.5 | 19.3-22* | 6.1 - 6.3 | 5.2 | 17-19 | 28* |
Average volume of pollen-grain, μm3 | 7484 | 7854 | 3089 | 3259 | 3239* | 1925 |
Pollen fertility,% | 69 - 98* | 38 | 99* | 61 | 93 - 96 | 96 |
Fruits number per infructescence | 4.4 - 7.8* | 1-2 | 124 (40 - 224)* | 19.6 | 3.9 (1 - 7)* | 0 |
Bean length, cm | 4 - 6 (2.1 - 10.7) | 5.6 (3 - 8) | 0.6-0.8 | 0.8 | 4.4 (2.5 - 6) | 3.6 (2.6 - 4.6) |
Number of seeds per bean | 3.8 (1 - 12)* | 2.2 (1 - 6) | 1 | 1 | 2.4 (1 - 8)* | 1.6 (1 - 3) |
Vegetative propagation capabilities | High-actively producing coppice shoots & root sprouts and forming clones up to 90 sq. m | Weak-producing root sprouts | High-actively producing root sprouts and forming large clones. Adventitious root system well developed | Weak-producing few root sprouts only | High-actively producing root sprouts, but clones are not massive | None-root sprouts not recorded in the Main Botanical Garden) |
Population density | 2000 trees per hectare | Solitary trees in planting spots | 5 shrub per sq. m | Solitary shrubs in planting spots | 1 shrub per sq. m | Solitary shrubs in planting spots |
Cultigeneous distribution range in the European part of Russia | Mass cultivation in 86% of regions, especially wide in wood lines within South West provinces | Solitaires and parkways in big cities | Mass cultivation in 73% of regions, especially wide in wood lines within South East provinces | Botanical gardens only | Mass cultivation in 83 % of regions, especially wide in wood lines | Botanical gardens only |