Authors (Year)

Study Design

Subjects

Methods

Results

Yokota (2004)

Open-labeled

9 T2DM

(6M; 3F)

Study Phase: 30 days

Study Group: 300 mg of magnesium via 300 mL of diluted MAG21 solution (100 mg magnesium/100 mL)

	Before	After	p-value
FPG (mg/dL)	149.4 ± 13.8	147.4 ± 12.0	NS
A1C (%)	Data not given		NS

Rodriguez-Moran (2003)

Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled

63 T2DM

Washout Phase: 3 months (diet of >50% calories from carbs, 20% mono and polyunsaturated fat, ~1 g protein/kg IBW per day and 30 mins physical activity ≥ 3x’s/week)

Study Phase: 16 weeks

Mg Group: glibenclamide 5 mg TID + 2.5 g MgCl₂

Placebo Group: glibenclamide 5mg TID + placebo

	Mg (n = 32)		Placebo (n = 31)
	Baseline	16 Weeks	Baseline	16 Weeks
FPG^a (mmol/L)	12.8 ± 5.6	8.0 ± 2.4	14.2 ± 3.9	10.3 ± 2.1
Change (p)	−37.5% (p < 0.05)		−27.5% (p < 0.05)
A1C^a (%)	11.5 ± 4.1	8.0 ± 2.4	11.8 ± 4.4	10.1 ± 3.3
Change (p)	−30.4% (p < 0.05)		−14.4% (p < 0.05)

^ap < 0.05 comparing change associated with magnesium versus placebo group at the end of the study.

Lal (2003)

Open-labeled

40 T2DM

(19M; 21F)

54 Non-diabetics (25M; 29F)

Study Phase: 12 weeks

Mg Group: diabetics on oral hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylureas) + 600 mg magnesium oxide/day

Placebo Group: Non-diabetic relatives or hospital employees

	Mg (n = 40)		Placebo (n = 54)
	Baseline	After 12 weeks	Baseline	After 12 weeks	p-value
FPG (mg/dL)	142.7 ± 52.64	154.2 ± 29.24	89.63 ± 12.05	Not given	p > 0.05
PPBGL (mg/dL)	202.3 ± 80.95	212.7 ± 55.44	114.20 ± 10.36	Not given	p > 0.05

de Lordes Lima (1998)

Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled

128 T2DM

(32M; 96F)

57 blood donors

Study Phase: 30 days

Group A: 20.7 mmol MgO/day in 3 doses

Group B: 41.4 mmol MgO/day in 3 doses

Group C: Placebo

	Group A (n = 35)		Group B (n = 39)	Group C (n = 54)
	Baseline	30 Days	Baseline	30 Days	Baseline	30 Days
FPG (mmol/L)	10.3 ± 3.3	11.5 ± 4.4	12.6 ± 4.2	12.7 ± 4.2	12.9 ± 4.3	12.2 ± 73
A1C (%)	10.2 ± 2.8	9.7 ± 2.3	9.0 ± 2.4	9.2 ± 3.0	9.3 ± 2.6	9.5 ± 2.2

No significant difference from baseline to 30 days regarding FPG and A1C readings for all groups.

Paolisso (1994)

Randomized Double Blind Crossover

9 T2DM

(5M; 4F)

Pre-study Phase: 3 weeks (weight maintaining diet only with ~300 mg magnesium/day and ≥250 g carbohydrates/day)

Study Phase 1: 4 weeks (placebo or 4.5 g (15.8 mmol)) magnesium pidolate/day group)

Crossover Washout Phase: 4 weeks

Study Phase 2: 4 weeks (placebo or 4.5 g (15.8 mmol)) magnesium pidolate/day group)

	Mg (n = 4)		Placebo (n = 5)
	Baseline	4 weeks	Baseline	4 weeks
FPG (mmol/L)	Not given	7.8 ± 0.1	Not given	8.0 ± 0.1
p-value	NS		NS