Variable

Subgroup

Studies

(effect size)

(n)

Food Price

proportion (95% CI)

I²

(%)

Heterogeneity between Groups P-value

Continent

Asia

Africa

America

Multiple Countries

7

7

3

6

23 (13 - 65)

28 (9 - 52)

14 (6 - 25)

20 (6 - 39)

99.84

99.47

0.0

99.73

0.322

Country level classification by Income

High Income Country

Middle Income Country

Low Income Country

Multiple Countries/Regions

4

6

7

6

23 (6 - 47)

34 (4 - 75)

35 (19 - 53)

13 (5 - 24)

99.69

99.93

99.49

98.65

0.130

Time Horizon of studies

Before 2020

2020-2049

2050-2100

8

6

9

28 (4 - 63)

31 (8 - 62)

22 (9 - 38)

99.85

99.89

99.63

0.811

Study Design

Cross sectional (before 2020)

Prospective Cohort (2020-2100)

6

17

35 (5 - 76)

23 (12 - 37)

99.88

99.78

0.553

Weather

Extreme Events

Drought

Flood

RCP scenario

Precipitation-Temperature

5

2

8

8

32 (15 - 52)

8 (6 - 10)

17 (6 - 30)

36 (16 - 59)

99.44

0.0

99.64

99.77

0.001

Agricultural Crop Production

Increase Production

Decrease Production

Not Report

2

17

4

20 (19 - 21)

31 (15 - 49)

10 (9 - 11)

0.00

99.84

0.00

0.001

GDP

Decrease GDP

Increase GDP

Non report GDP

7

4

12

28 (12 - 47)

31 (5 - 66)

24 (6 - 48)

99.40

99.83

99.90

0.933

Quality score of Studies (JBI Checklist)

Medium Quality

High quality

12

11

27 (8 - 52)

25 (10 - 44)

99.88

99.80

0.897