Classical Model

Administrative Model

Political Model

Clear-cut problem and goals

Vague problems and goals.

Pluralistic, conflicting goals

Condition of certainty

Condition of uncertainty

Uncertainty/ambiguity conditions

Full information about alternatives and their outcomes,

Limited information about alternatives and their outcomes

Inconsistent viewpoints; ambiguous information.

Rational choice by individual for maximizing outcomes.

Satisficing choice for resolving problems using intuition

Bargaining and discussion among coalition members.