| Empirical Law | Engineering | Education |
| Providing background knowledge | Reviewing the present study | Information Move |
| Restating aims, methodology, theory, concepts | Consolidating results | Finding |
| Presenting claims, generalizations, research gaps | Reporting results | (Un)expected outcome |
| Reinforcing results | Explaining results | Deduction |
| Interpreting/evaluating relevant, (un)expected findings | Summarizing results | Reference to previous research |
| Comparing findings with previous literature | Interpreting results | Explanation |
| Evaluating the study | Comparing results | Significance of the study |
| Indicating significance, advantage of research | Exemplifying results | Implication of the study |
| Indicating limitations | Claiming values of results | Limitation |
| Deductions from the research | Stating limitations and future research | Recommendation |
| Drawing implications |
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| Recommending further research |
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