Disease

Agent, vector and transmission route

Hydrologic interaction

Prevention

Schistosomiasis

Infection by flatworm; worm larvae develop in freshwater snails and penetrate through human skin; infected humans transmit eggs through feces or urine which in turn infect snails

Host snails prefer standing or slow flowing waters; affected by irrigation projects

Improved sanitation, safe water access;

prevention and control of snail vectors

Dracunculiasis

Infection by roundworm; worm larvae ingested by and developed in water fleas. Ingestion of contaminated water, fleas release larva into human body where worms mature

Worm larvae ingested by and developed in water fleas

Safe drinking water supplies, filtering of water