Variable | Dimensions | Item | Test item | Source | |
Urban culture | Folk culture | FC1 | Guangzhou has its own unique architectural style | Hou (2014) | |
FC2 | Guangzhou retains its traditional lifestyle | ||||
FC3 | Guangzhou has unique local customs | ||||
FC4 | Guangzhou has a local business culture | ||||
FC5 | There are many folk arts in Guangzhou | ||||
Religious culture | RC1 | Guangzhou has a certain number of religious places | |||
RC2 | There is high traffic in Guangzhou religious places | ||||
RC3 | There are many religious believers in Guangzhou | ||||
RC4 | Guangzhou is a gathering place for religious believers everywhere | ||||
RC5 | There are many stories of religious figures circulating in Guangzhou | ||||
Historical culture | HC1 | Guangzhou has a long history | |||
HC2 | There are many old buildings in Guangzhou | ||||
HC3 | Guangzhou has had major historical events | ||||
HC4 | Guangzhou has preserved precious cultural relics | ||||
HC5 | There are many historical celebrities in Guangzhou | ||||
City brand identity | Popularity | BP1 | Guangzhou is a famous city in China | | |
BP2 | I can quickly recall major events in Guangzhou | ||||
BP3 | I know the city characteristics of Guangzhou | ||||
BP4 | Guangzhou is a city with unique charm | ||||
Cognition | BC1 | I know the brand identity of Guangzhou City | |||
BC2 | I can distinguish the brand identity of Guangzhou from other cities | ||||
BC3 | I think the quality of life in Guangzhou is good | ||||
BC4 | Whenever I hear or see “the happiest city in China,” I can always think of Guangzhou | ||||
Reputation | BR1 | Good service quality in public places in Guangzhou | |||
BR2 | Guangzhou has cultural heritage | ||||
BR3 | The local people in Guangzhou are of high quality | ||||
BR4 | Guangzhou has a high level of urban management | ||||
Loyalty | BL1 | As a local resident, I am willing to live here forever | |||
BL2 | I would like to extend my stay in Guangzhou because I am satisfied with the city | ||||
BL3 | I would like to recommend people around me to live, play, work, or study in Guangzhou | ||||
BL4 | I am willing to come to Guangzhou again | ||||
Food experience | Sensory experience | SE1 | Guangzhou food makes me feel very cordial | | |
SE2 | I like Guangzhou food very much | ||||
SE3 | I have the urge to eat when I see Guangzhou delicious food | ||||
SE4 | Talking about Guangzhou cuisine can arouse my appetite | ||||
Affective experience | AE1 | Guangzhou cuisine can bring me spiritual enjoyment | |||
AE2 | I’m looking forward to tasting Guangzhou cuisine | ||||
AE3 | Tasting Guangzhou cuisine makes me feel happy | ||||
AE4 | Tasting Guangzhou food brings me pleasure | ||||
AE5 | Tasting Guangzhou cuisine makes me feel relaxed | ||||
Relational experience | RE1 | The diners who tasted Guangzhou delicious food belong to the same category as me | |||
RE2 | Guangzhou cuisine suits my personality very well | ||||
RE3 | Guangzhou cuisine is very suitable for my identity | ||||
RE4 | I am willing to talk about Guangzhou cuisine with other diners who taste it | ||||
RE5 | Guangzhou cuisine resonates with certain lifestyles | ||||