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Experimental animal model

Cell type

Route of delivery

Important findings

Teratogenicity

Reference

1

Mice (adult wild-type mice)

hiPSC-derived fibroblasts

Direct injection into the sub-retinal space

Photoreceptors (retinal cells)

No teratomas were found following transplantation

Lamba et al., 2010

2

Mouse model of contusive spinal cord injury

Safe iPSCs derived neurospheres

Direct injection into lesion epicenter

Neuronal differentiation

Safe iPSCs derived cells were non-teratogenic

Tsuji et al., 2010

3

Hind-limb ischemia model of SCID mice by femoral artery ligation

hiPSC derived endothelial cells

Direct intramuscular injection

Increased capillary density and regional perfusion

No teratomas reported

Jalil et al., 2011

4

Mouse model of acute coronary artery ligation

Skeletal myoblast derived iPSCs

Direct intra-myocardial injection

Angiomyogenesis with preserved heart function

35% animals with iPSCs and no teratomas with progenitor cells

Ahmed et al., 2012

5

Porcine model of myocardial infarction

hiPSCs

Catheter based I/M

Endothelial differentiation and neoangiogenesis

None until 12 - 15 weeks after transplantation

Templin et al., 2012

6

Ischemic cardiomyopathy with ameroid ring

hiPSCs derived cardiomyocytes

Patch based delivery

Cardiomyogenesis with preserved LV remodeling and heart function

No teratogenicity during the course of studies

Kawamura et al., 2012

7

Mouse model of acute coronary artery ligation

Mouse MSC-derived iPSCs or their derived cardiac progenitors.

Direct intra-myocardial injection

Angiomyogenesis with preserved heart function

21% animals developed teratomas with iPSCs and no teratomas with progenitor cells

Buccini et al., 2012

8

Mice (7- to 8-week-old female nude mice and immunodeficient mouse strains (nude, SCID, NOD-SCID and NOG)

Dermal fibroblast derived hiPSC

Direct subcutaneous injection

Retinal pigment epithelium

Negative after 15 months

Kanemura H et al., 2014