Retinoid	Dosis	Combination with other drugs	Stage of disease	Outcomes	Adverse event	Reference
Retinyl palmitate	300,000 IU		Stage I of lung cancer	Improve disease free interval. PFS 46 months	Skin dryness and desquamation	[71]
	50,000 IU	IFN-β, 5 FU, Cisplatin	Stage IIB and IV	OS 9.1 months	Cutaneous symptoms. Squamous histology, with a substantial toxicity.	[109]
Bexarotene	400 mg/m²/day	Vinorelbine cisplatin	Stage IIB and IV	PFS 4.3 months OS 8.7 months	Hypertriglyceridemia, leukopenia, dermatitis grade 3/4	[75]
	300mg/m²/day		Stage I and II	Modify the expression of cyclin D3, EGFR, and Ki-67.		[110]
	400 mg/m²/day	Paclitaxel carboplatin		Plasma concentrations of bexarotene increased by 80% in the presence of paclitaxel-carboplatin	Hypertriglyceridemia hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism grade 2/3	[111]
	400 mg/m²	Carboplatin gemcitabine	Stage IIB and IV	OS 12.7 months	Hypertriglyceridemia	[112]
	400 mg/m²/day	Paclitaxel-carboplatin or cisplatin-vinorelbine with atorvastatin or fenofibrate	Stage IIIB and IV	Concentration-time curve	Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia grade 3/4	[113]
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)	150 mg/m²/day	IFN-α		OS 8 months	Dermatitis grade I/II hypertriglyceridemia 3/4	[114]
	100 mg/m²/day	Bexarotene, docetaxel capecitabine	Stage IIB and IV	OS 19 months		[115]
		Somatostatinmelatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide	Stage IIB and IV	OS 12.9 months	Diarrhea, nausea, and drowsiness	[116]
	20 mg/m²/day	Paclitaxel cisplatin	Stage IIB and IV	PFS 8.9 months OS 9.6 months	Hypertriglyceridemia	[82]
13-cis-RA	1 mg/kg	9-cis-RAalpha-tocopherol	Former smokers	Reduced bronchial epithelial cell proliferation		[117]
	1 mg/kg orally on days 1 and 2	Interferon alpha, paclitaxel	Small cell lung cancer	Median OS 6.2 months PFS 2.0	Cytopenias, leukopenia, neutropenia fatigue and hypertriglyceridemia grade 3	[118]
	0.5 mg/kg	Interleukin 2	Solid tumor	OS 13.7 months	Consisting of fever, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, and local cutaneous reaction	[119]
	50 mg/day	Tocopherol	Adult subjects at high risk for lung cancer		Skin toxicities, elevated uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol	[120]