Group

N

Meana

SD

Median

p-value

Compared to the Anaesthesia Model

Compared to standard care

The Anaesthesia Model

83

11.4

5.5

14

0.013

Standard care

72

13.1

4.1

15

0.013

The Ward Model

67

13.9

2.7

15

<0.001

0.351

The Caregiver Model

73

13.8

2.7

15

0.004

0.850