Low group (N = 311)

High group (N = 210)

M

SD

M

SD

F

Patient belief

11.48

3.11

11.50

3.18

0.00^n.s.

Self-expectation

13.73

2.27

13.20

2.68

6.30^**

Avoidance

10.06

2.38

11.80

2.64

62.41^**

Self-inhibition

10.27

2.22

10.24

2.13

0.01^n.s.

Ethical blame

11.51

2.47

11.91

2.30

3.53^*

Helplessness

11.40

2.49

12.04

2.70

8.04^**

Dependence

13.97

2.64

14.40

2.68

3.49^*