Hybrid Diagnosis Approach unit: ppm

C1

State

C2

State

C3

State

C4

State

Testing

H2

CH4

C2H6

C2H4

C2H2

CO

State

128

25

5

81

288

143

The

ANSI/IEEE

C57.104

Standard

Rule

H2 Content Value’s Result

At

At

At

At

N

CH4 Content Value’s Result

N

At

Ab

At

N

C2H6 Content Value’s Result

N

At

D

At

N

C2H4 Content Value’s Result

At

D

D

D

N

C2H2 Content Value’s Result

D

Ab

N

N

N

CO Content Value’s Result

N

N

N

At

N

The Linear

SVM

Discriminant

Formual

Diagnosis

Abnormal

−2114

−270

−85

−55

3

Abnormal

−3228

−311

−49

−38

2

Overheating

26

−9

0

−3

1

Electric arc

−17

9

8

10

5

Overheating + Discharge

49

26

−3

9

2

Oil mixes in

8

41

56

16

−5

The Roger &

Doernenbeg

Combination

Diagnosis

T1 (Thermal Fault < 300˚C)

False

False

True

False

False

T2 (Thermal Fault 300˚C - 700˚C)

False

False

False

False

False

T3 (Thermal Fault > 700˚C)

False

True

False

True

False

D1 (Low Energy Partial Discharge)

False

False

False

False

False

D2 (High Energy Discharge)

True

False

False

False

False

The Key Gas

Method

Diagnosis

Overheating

False

True

True

True

False

Corna

True

False

False

False

False

Arcing

False

False

False

False

False

Paper-fiber Overheating

False

False

False

False

False