Number of parties N

Fragmentation

(stand. dev.)

Polarization

(stand. dev.)

Top-three

Strongly dominant party

Top-two

Open

3

2.763 (0.189)

0.265 (0.117)

100%

0%

0%

0%

4

3.339 (0.374)

0.276 (0.092)

60.5%

39.6%

0%

0%

5

3.984 (0.511)

0.281 (0.077)

25.4%

47.3%

17.9%

9.5%

6

4.706 (0.608)

0.282 (0.066)

6.6%

24.5%

30.9%

38.1%

7

5.450 (0.670)

0.283 (0.060)

1.9%

8.1%

19.2%

70.8%

3-7

4.048 (1.078)

0.278 (0.086)

38.9%

23.9%

13.6%

23.7%