Variable | Definition | Source | Expected sign |
ec | electricity consumption in billions of kilowatts hours | EIA |
|
rgdpgr | Growth rate in real gross domestic product (%) | WDI | Positive (+) |
openess | trade openness(exports plus imports as % of GDP) | WDI | Negative (−) |
fdi | foreign direct investment(% of GDP) | WDI | Positive (+) |
popgr | Population growth rate (%) | WDI | Positive (+) |
indus | value added by industry (% of GDP) | WDI | Positive (+) |