| TD children | Children with IDs | t | d |
M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
Mothers’ reactions (n = 27) |
|
|
|
|
SUR_−E | 5.16 (0.55) | 5.23 (0.78) | 0.39 |
|
Comforting | 5.04 (0.78) | 5.62 (0.81) | 2.63* | 0.73 |
Problem-focused | 5.81 (0.74) | 5.54 (0.91) | −1.18 |
|
Encouragement of expression of emotion | 4.64 (1) | 4.55 (1.11) | −0.31 |
|
NSUR_−E | 2.59 (0.58) | 3.88 (1) | 5.75*** | 1.58 |
Distress | 2.30 (0.63) | 3.05 (1.32) | 2.67* | 0.72 |
Punitive | 1.86 (0.62) | 3.50 (1.47) | 5.33*** | 1.45 |
Minimizing responses | 3.63 (1.08) | 5.12 (0.88) | 5.54*** | 1.51 |
SUR_+E | 4.94 (0.85) | 5.09 (1.09) | 0.55 |
|
Socialization | 5.31 (1.50) | 5.50 (1.62) | 0.43 |
|
Encouragement | 4.57 (1.49) | 4.68 (1.52) | 0.27 |
|
NSUR_+E | 2.90 (1.08) | 3.54 (1.50) | 1.81 |
|
Reprimand | 3.64 (1.37) | 4.22 (1.82) | 1.31 |
|
Discomfort | 2.16 (1.16) | 2.88 (1.45) | 2.01* | 0.55 |
Mothers’ conversations (n = 27) |
|
|
|
|
QCPEE | 2.49 (0.41) | 2.16 (0.59) | −2.31* | 0.65 |
Joy-related terms | 5.42 (1.86) | 5.73 (3.47) | 0.37 |
|
Anger-related terms | 4.23 (1.11) | 2.91 (1.82) | −2.67** | 0.87 |
Sadness-related terms | 1.62 (1.27) | 1.86 (1.24) | 0.64 |
|
Fear-related terms | 1.28 (1.31) | 1 (1.60) | −0.66 |
|
Emotion-related verbs | 1.79 (1.67) | 1.77 (1.69) | −0.04 |
|
Fathers’ reactions (n = 16) |
|
|
|
|
SUR_−E | 4.49 (0.72) | 5.39 (0.95) | 3.01** | 1.07 |
Comforting | 4.63 (0.84) | 5.60 (0.86) | 3.21** | 1.14 |
Problem-focused | 4.91 (0.86) | 5.74 (1.20) | 2.22* | 0.79 |
Encouragement of expression of emotion | 3.93 (1.06) | 4.86 (1.14) | 2.37* | 0.84 |
NSUR_−E | 2.94 (0.47) | 3.83 (1.33) | 2.52* | 0.89 |
Distress | 2.25 (0.56) | 3.39 (1.50) | 2.83** | 1.01 |
Punitive | 2.39 (0.79) | 3.25 (1.58) | 1.94 |
|
Minimizing responses | 4.15 (0.78) | 4.84 (1.14) | 1.99 |
|
SUR_+E | 4.78 (0.80) | 5.39 (1.06) | 1.83 |
|
Socialization | 5.25 (1.21) | 5.68 (1.43) | 0.93 |
|
Encouragement | 4.31 (1.19) | 5.09 (1.50) | 1.62 |
|
NSUR_+E | 2.87 (0.99) | 3.75 (1.48) | 1.96 |
|