Pre

Post

Change

t

df

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Exhaustion (a = 0.91)

1.76 (1.24)

2.12 (1.45)

0.36 (0.73)

5.75***

164

Cynicism (a = 0.72)

1.66 (1.09)

1.73 (1.06)

0.07 (0.51)

1.39

164

Professional efficacy (a = 0.80)

4.98 (0.93)

4.92 (0.94)

−0.06 (0.61)

−0.88

164

Total burn-out (a = 0.71)

1.71 (0.98)

1.92 (1.07)

0.21 (0.46)

5.27***

164

Pathways (a = 0.81)

16.59 (3.00)

16.22 (3.25)

−0.37 (1.66)

−2.77**

163

Agency (a = 0.82)

16.46 (3.03)

16.44 (2.99)

−0.02 (1.27)

−0.12

163

Hope (total score) (a = 0.89)

33.16 (5.47)

32.97 (5.62)

−0.19 (2.04)

−1.69

155