Policy

Effect variables

Explanation

Source

No.1

Waste heat variables by model/speed XCv1 [J/(k∙number)]

Cars/buses: waste heat ratio of 75% as hybrid vehicles [Assumed value] small/regular trucks: waste heat ratio of 74% as CNG trucks [Assumed value]

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2005) Ranking by Vehicle Weight

Diffusion rate d1 [%]

Target vehicles are 0.87% of all vehicles (figures from the year 2000)

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (2001) Special Report on the Development and Spread of Low-emission Vehicles

No.2

Waste heat variables by model/speed XCv2 [J/(km∙number)]

60% waste heat using E100 [Assumed value]

Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan Roadmap and Diffusion Scenario for Environmental Energy Technology

Diffusion rate d2 [%]

Target vehicles are 42% of gasoline vehicles (gasoline vehicle ratios/cars: 88.7%, buses: 0.28%, small/regular rucks: 24.6%)

Daiwa Institute of Research (2007) New Industry Report 2007/summer: Trends in Automobile Technology borne by the Next Generation Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Policy Bureau Information Management Division (2006) Outline of Traffic-related Energy

No.3

Waste heat variables by model/speed XCv3 [J/(km∙number)]

Improve running speed for all vehicles by 10% except on national/urban expressways [Simulation value]

Yuichi Harumoto (2006) Understanding of the Current Status of Urban Traffic and Bicycle Use in Nagano City

No.4

Waste heat variables by model/speed XCv4 [J/(km∙numner)]

For roads (congested roads) with running speed of 20 [km/h] or less, running speed is set at 21 [km/h] as a congestion solution value [Assumed value]

Inter-Ministry Coordination Committee to Mitigate Urban Heat Island (2004) Outline of the Policy Framework to Reduce Urban Heat Island Effects Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Kanto Regional Development Bureau Alleviating Traffic Congestion

No.5

Waste heat variables by model/peed XCv5 [J/(km∙number)]

For roads with running speed of 20 [km/h] or less, such as coastal roads (national highways 14 and 357, coastal expressways) and the Yokohama-Haneda Airport urban expressway, running speed is increased by 13% as a congestion alleviation value [Current congestion alleviation value]

Tokyo Metropolitan Government (2000) Basic Aviation Policy (enhancement/strengthening of access to 4 airports) Ministry of the Environment (2007) (Annex) State of Progress of Specific Policies recorded in the Outline of the Policy Framework (July, 2007 Ministry of the Environment press conference documents)

No.6

Road surface waste heat variable XCR [J/km2]

Set at 40˚C using water-holding surfaces [Test value] (1 day’s worth of waste heat volume 4.70 × 104 [kJ/m2] according to the Stefan-Boltzmann Constant)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Kanto Regional Development Bureau (2004) The Challenge of alleviating the Heat Island Phenomenon on Roads―Results of the Tokyo Environmental Surface Project (press conference documents, 25th May, 2004)

No.7

Traffic signal waste heat variables XCL [J/number]

Set at 15W using LED [Document value] (1 day’s worth of waste heat volume 1.3 × 103 [kJ/number])

National Police Agency Conversion of Traffic Signals to LED

LED diffusion rate d7 [%]

LED diffusion rate was set at 39.4% (Rate of use of LED in vehicles in Tokyo) (Number of traffic signals at 1 intersection was set at 4)

National Police Agency Number of Instances of Maintenance in Traffic Signals by Prefecture

No.8

Waste heat variables by model/speed XCv8 [J/(km∙number)]

Improve running speed for all vehicles by 10% excluding national expressways, urban expressways and minor roads with no traffic signals [2007 Goal Values for the Policy Framework to Reduce Urban Heat Island Effects]

Ministry of the Environment (2007) (Annex) State of Progress of Specific Policies recorded in the Outline of the Policy Framework (July, 2007 Ministry of the Environment press conference documents)

No.9

Waste heat variables by model/speed XCv9 [J/(km∙number)]

For national and urban expressways which are roads (congested roads) with running speed of 20 [km/h] or less, running speed is increased to 13% as a congestion alleviation value [Current congestion alleviation value]

Ministry of the Environment (2007) (Annex) State of Progress of Specific Policies recorded in the Outline of the Policy Framework (July, 2007 Ministry of the Environment press conference documents)

Diffusion rate d9 [%]

75.8% of all vehicles are target vehicles (national figure as of December, 2008)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2008) Status of Usage of ETC (bulletin) (as of 18th December, 2008)