Initial target

Initial function (Artificial exhaust heat volume calculated formula) Qα, Qβ [J]

Moving target

Qα = road length L [km] × number of vehicles by model M [number] × waste heat coefficient by model/speed Cv [J/(km∙number)]

Stationary target

Qβ = (road length L [km] × road width W [km] × road surface waste heat coefficient Clw [J/km2]) + (number of traffic signals S [number] × traffic signal waste heat coefficient Cs [J/number])