Policy target | Policy | UHI-related policy | Supplementary effects | Effect target | Effect variables (road traffic status data/degree of variability in traffic status) | |||||
Road length | Number of vehicles | Running speed | Road width | Number of traffic signals | ||||||
A. | Transport framework/fuel | No. 1 | Spread of low-emission vehicles (hybrid) | Improvements in fuel consumption | Moving targets | ○ | Diffusion rate | ○ | × | × |
No. 2 | Suppression of waste heat through choice of fuel burned (bioethanol) | Improvements in fuel consumption | ○ | Diffusion rate | ○ | × | × | |||
B. | Road/road surface construction | No. 3 | Improvement of traffic flow by securing space for cyclists and pedestrians | Improvements in running speed | ○ | ○ | Progress rate | × | × | |
No. 4 | Development of bypasses | Improvements in running speed | ○ | ○ | Progress rate | × | × | |||
No. 5 | Improvement of access roads to airports and ports | Improvements in running speed | ○ | ○ | Progress rate | × | × | |||
No. 6 | Special road surfaces (water-holding surfaces) | Reduction in heat storage volume | Stationary targets | ○ | × | × | ○ | × | ||
C. | Road equipment | No. 7 | Increase in efficiency of energy consumption equipment (changing signal lights to LED) | Increase in efficiency of equipment | × | × | × | × | Diffusion rate | |
No. 8 | Upgrading signal control | Improvements in running speed | Moving targets | ○ | ○ | Progress rate | × | × | ||
No. 9 | Diffusion of ETC | Improvements in running speed | ○ | Diffusion rate | Progress rate | × | × |