Region

Income before

Income after

Maradi

66,212 ± 55,989

209,086 ± 151,320

Zinder

48,112 ± 44,059

98,471 ± 78,885

Average

59,766 ± 52,751

169,510 ± 140,387

t-test

t = 5509; p < 0.05

t = 13,458; p < 0.001