Dosso

Maradi

Tahoua

Zinder

%Average

Chi-square

Control measures

Chemical pesticide

66

58

63

56

61 ± 0.04

ns

Nothing

29

42

35

43

37 ± 0.06

ns

Biopesticide, traditional and mechanical

5

0

2

1

2 ± 0.02

ns