Independent Farmers, n = 149

Not Certified PGs, n = 28

Certified PGs, n = 72

Independent Variables

Mean (sd)

Mean (sd)

Mean (sd)

Extension visits

2.46 (4.60)***

10.04 (2.87)

7.76 (2.93)***

Traceability breadth

2.51 (1.1)***

3.61 (0.74)

3.36 (0.70)

Assets

1.14 (0.74)***

2.46 (0.88)

2.81 (0.40)***

Area under beans (acres)

0.79 (0.50)

0.79 (0.72)

1.53 (0.77)***

Exchange seasons (count)

2.58 (3.23)***

6.46 (4.64)

8.21 (3.94)*

No. sharing buyer (count)

3.4 (1.79)

3.5 (1.60)

3.64 (1)

Price (KE/3kg)

67.62 (16.04)**

74.33 (7.8)

71.49 (8.36)

Export firm dummy (0,1)

0.30 (0.46)***

0.93 (0.26)

0.81 (0.40)

No. of buyers

8.66 (3.01)

8.96 (2.3)

9.5 (1.5)

Age (yrs)

40.18 (9.25)**

44.46 (11)

43.29 (7.06)

High school dummy (0,1)

0.40 (0.49)

0.5 (0.51)

0.57 (0.50)