Parameters

CTR

MD

BD

p value (ANOVA)

Lutein (µmol/l)

0.34 ± 0.14

0.26 ± 0.14a (−24%)

0.27 ± 0.13a (−21%)

0.038

Lycopene (µmol/l)

0.68 ± 0.24

0.57 ± 0.22a (−16%)

0.55 ± 0.19a (−19%)

0.022

Beta-carotene (µmol/l)

0.73 ± 0.49

0.45 ± 0.45a (−38%)

0.43 ± 0.29a (−41%)

0.003

Retinol (µmol/l)

1.71 ± 0.54

1.54 ± 0.49 (−10%)

1.57 ± 0.58 (−8%)

0.445

Alpha-tocopherol (µmol/l)

21.0 ± 4.5

20.1 ± 5.6 (−4%)

20.7 ± 4.9 (−1%)

0.791

oxLDL (µg/ml)

1.31 ± 0.54

2.07 ± 1.73a (+58%)

1.52 ± 1.14b (+16%)

0.045

Homocysteine (µmol/l)

11.52 ± 2.77

13.94 ± 5.29a (+21%)

11.86 ± 4.15b (+3%)

0.047