Raissi G. et al., (2021) [50]

Patients with a diagnosis of plantar fasciitis (n = 44)

Intervention: dextrose 20% injection (n = 22)

Control: methylprednisolone and normal saline (n = 22)

Single injection,

Under ultrasound guidance

1. Pain (NRS scale)

2. Function (FAAM score)

3. Sonographic features (Fascia thickness, echogenicity)

2, 12 weeks

Significant improvement in pain, FAAM score, and fascia thickness in both groups; the difference was significant in prolotherapy groups at 2 weeks

Nakase J. et al., (2020) [55]

Patients of Osgood-Schlatter with recalcitrant knee pain (n = 38) 49 knees involved

Intervention: dextrose 20% injection (25 knees)

Control: normal saline injection (24 knees)

Monthly for 3 months,

using ultra- sonographic guidance in long-axis image

1. Function (VISA)

1, 2, 3 months

Significant improvement in VISA score; similar results in both groups

Wu Z. et al., (2022) [54]

Patients with Osgood-Schlatter disease OSD (n = 70)

Intervention: dextrose 12.5% injection Control: normal saline injection

3 Injections,

Ultrasound guidance

1. Function (VISA-P)

3, 6, 12 months

The dextrose group outperformed the control group significantly in VISA-P improvement

Topol G.A. et al., (2011) [56]

Patients with Osgood-Schlatter disease having pain for at least 3 months (n = 54)

65 knees

Prolotherapy group: dextrose 12.5% injection (n = 17)

Lidocaine group: lidocaine 1% injection (n = 18)

No injection group: usual care (n = 19)

Monthly injections for 3 months,

Starting from the most distal part of the pain approaching proximal parts

1. Sport inhibition and sport-related symptoms (NPPS; unaltered sport and asymptomatic sport)

3, 6, 12 months

After 12 months, asymptomatic sport was more common in the dextrose group than two others